Cesar Koirala spoke at ConV2X Decentralized Health on implementing AI at scale in a health system
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Notes from the review queue

Practical writing on evaluating, governing and living with AI systems, from people who have to sign for them.

Oct 30, 2025 3 min read
AI LLM

RAG Eval Sets: The Secret to a Reliable AI Product

Imagine an AI system advising a doctor on treatment protocols or summarizing a patient’s medical history. A single hallucinated fact could be disastrous. This is why Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is essential: it anchors the LLM to a verified knowledge source (like internal clinical guidelines or legal documents), ensuring the answer is accurate, up-to-date, and fully […]

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Sep 25, 2025 6 min read
governance LLM

Non-Determinism: Why it is a Feature, not a Bug, in LLMs. Plus, what Thinking Machines Lab’s quest for consistent output mean for Responsible AI.

If you have ever asked an LLM the same question twice and received different answers, you have experienced non-determinism. While this might seem like a bug, it is actually a fundamental characteristic of these powerful models. To understand why, let’s contrast it with a more traditional, deterministic system. Determinism vs. Non-Determinism: A Personal Story As […]

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Sep 24, 2025 3 min read
accountability AI responsibile AI

Unpacking AI Accountability

In traditional software development, accountability is relatively straightforward. A bug in a program can often be traced back to a specific line of code or a developer’s oversight. The responsibility is clear. AI, as we know it now, introduces the “black box” problem. The model’s decisions are based on patterns learned from vast datasets. This […]

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Podcast

Humanizing AI

Conversations with the academics, authors, and practitioners shaping how AI gets governed. Hosted by Cesar Koirala.

Newsletter

One email a quarter. What we learned in the review queue.

No product announcements dressed up as insight. Just what we are seeing across assessments, and what the regulators changed.